📅 Corn Seasonal Price TendencyHistorical pattern · current month highlighted · hover for context
Corn prices typically peak May–Jun (weather & pollination risk premium) and bottom in Oct (harvest pressure). Seasonal tendencies are guides — major USDA reports and weather events override them in any given year.
📋 Contract Specs
ExchangeCBOT / CME Group
Contract Size5,000 bushels
Tick Size¼¢/bu ($12.50/contract)
SymbolZC
Active MonthsMar, May, Jul, Sep, Dec
📅 Key Reports
WASDEMonthly (~10th) · highest impact
Crop ProgressWeekly Mon 4pm (Apr–Nov)
Prospective PlantingsLate March
Export SalesThu 7:30am CT
💡 Using These Prices
Cash priceFutures + local basis
Corn/bean ratioNov beans ÷ Dec corn
New cropDec = harvest benchmark
Typical breakeven$4.00–$5.50/bu avg
🌍 US Corn Use
Ethanol~38% of crop
Feed & residual~36% of crop
Exports~14% of crop
Top buyersMexico, Japan, China
📚 Understanding Corn Futures
How CBOT Corn Futures Work
CBOT corn futures (ZC) represent 5,000 bushels of No. 2 Yellow corn. Each one-cent price move equals $50 per contract. Farmers use futures to hedge production risk — locking in prices before the crop is in the bin. The December contract is the new-crop harvest benchmark and the primary tool for forward pricing during winter and spring planning. Nearby contracts reflect current old-crop market value.
Reading the Corn/Bean Planting Ratio
The corn/soybean ratio — November bean futures divided by December corn futures — is the row crop producer's planting decision compass. Below 2.4:1 signals corn pays better per acre; above 2.6:1 shifts the math toward soybeans. USDA tracks this ratio when forecasting spring planted acres in the March Prospective Plantings report. Always pair it with your local breakeven and rotation requirements — the ratio is a directional guide, not the full story.
Five Forces That Move Corn Prices
Corn futures move on: (1) USDA WASDE reports — monthly supply/demand estimates that can move markets 20+ cents on a surprise; (2) weather — drought or delayed planting builds substantial risk premium; (3) ethanol demand — ~38% of the crop, tied to energy and RFS policy; (4) export sales — weekly USDA data tracks flows to Mexico, Japan, and China; and (5) US Dollar Index — a stronger dollar makes US corn more expensive on world markets and directly pressures export competitiveness.
❓ Corn Futures — Common Questions
What is the corn futures price today?
The live price above shows the CBOT front-month corn futures contract (ZC), refreshed every 30 minutes. The "Today's Market Read" block synthesizes price position, the corn/bean ratio signal, seasonal context, and dollar impact into a single oriented paragraph — updated with every price refresh. No other free page does this.
What does December corn futures mean and why does it matter?
December corn (ZCZ) is the new-crop harvest benchmark — the market's best estimate of what corn will be worth when it comes off the combine. Row crop producers use December corn to forward price grain before planting and throughout the growing season. A December corn price above your full cost of production is a forward-selling opportunity; below it means current prices don't cover this year's expenses at expected yields.
What is the corn/soybean ratio and how do I use it for planting?
The corn/bean ratio — November bean futures divided by December corn futures — compares relative revenue per acre between the two crops. Below 2.4:1 historically favors corn; above 2.6:1 favors beans; 2.4–2.6 is neutral. The live ratio is in the Key Ratios widget above. Always pair it with your local breakeven and rotation requirements — the ratio is a starting point, not the final decision.
How is cash corn price different from CBOT futures?
Cash corn at your local elevator equals CBOT futures plus or minus local basis. Basis reflects transportation costs to export terminals, local supply and demand, and elevator margins. It's typically negative (cash below futures) in the upper Midwest due to freight. Use AGSIST's Cash Bids page to see your elevator's posted price — local basis already included.
How does ethanol demand affect corn prices?
Ethanol production consumes roughly 38% of the US corn crop annually — the single largest domestic use category. When ethanol margins are strong, processors bid aggressively for corn, supporting nearby futures. The EPA's Renewable Fuel Standard creates baseline blending demand. Policy changes — waiver volumes, small refinery exemptions — directly ripple into corn price direction and belong on every corn producer's radar.
When is corn typically cheapest — and most expensive?
Corn historically bottoms at and after harvest (October–November) when supply is greatest. Prices tend to rally from late winter through June as old-crop stocks tighten and new-crop weather uncertainty builds a risk premium. The seasonal chart above illustrates these historical tendencies with the current month highlighted in gold. Major events — drought, WASDE surprise, trade policy — override seasonal norms in any given year.
What USDA reports move corn prices the most?
The USDA WASDE (World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates), released monthly around the 10th, is the single most market-moving report for corn. Surprise changes to ending stocks can move corn 15–25 cents in minutes. The March Prospective Plantings and June Acreage reports also routinely surprise markets. Weekly Crop Progress (Monday 4pm CT) and Export Sales (Thursday 7:30am CT) provide ongoing signals through the season. See AGSIST's USDA Calendar for all upcoming dates.
When is CBOT corn open for trading?
CBOT corn trades electronically Sunday through Friday — overnight session 7:00 PM to 7:45 AM CT, day session 8:30 AM to 1:20 PM CT. AGSIST refreshes prices every 30 minutes on weekdays. Weekend prices reflect the last published Friday settlement until Monday trading resumes.
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Prices from Yahoo Finance via GitHub Actions (delayed ~15 min). Chart shows Capital.com CORN CFD which tracks CBOT corn futures; for exact ZC1! data use the TradingView link. Not financial advice. Verify with your elevator or broker before making marketing decisions.