The 2026 Farm Bill Two chambers, two bills: the House-passed H.R. 7567 and the Senate's new discussion draft, the Agricultural Act of 2026 (Farm Bill 2.0)

The $1.374 trillion baseline

This is the ten-year (FY2027–FY2036) projection of what farm bill programs spend under current law — the baseline, not any bill's changes. Both the House and Senate bills build on this same baseline. Four titles account for roughly 99% of it. Nutrition (SNAP) alone is just under three-quarters.

The total is 1% ($10B) lower than the January 2025 baseline of $1.384T — and distributed differently. The 2025 budget reconciliation law cut projected nutrition outlays and raised the other titles. So part of the "farm bill" money story already happened in a separate law. Related on AGSIST: tariffs and the USDA report calendar.

Both close to budget-neutral

Headlines say "trillion-dollar farm bill," but each bill's own score — its effect versus the baseline — is small. Most program funding was already set, much of it in the 2025 reconciliation law. The figures below are the Congressional Budget Office score of the House bill (H.R. 7567): its mandatory-spending change is essentially a wash, with the real action a reshuffle inside the conservation title. The Senate's June 23 discussion draft is also described as budget-neutral, but has not yet received a detailed CBO score.

Separately, H.R. 7567 authorizes $22.5B in discretionary spending over ten years (with ~$21.4B in estimated outlays) — money that only flows if future appropriations bills provide it. Commodities and Crop Insurance carry no specific discretionary authorizations. The Senate bill (revised text out Aug 1) has not yet been scored at this level of detail; the table above reflects the House bill only.

The two bills, side by side

Both bills run on the same twelve-title structure and both build on the 2025 reconciliation law, so much of the content overlaps. Where they diverge is what matters now — because the differences are what a conference committee would have to settle. Here are the contrasts that matter, updated for the Senate's Aug 1 revised text.

Both chambers must still reconcile these into a single bill in conference before anything reaches the President. The likeliest flashpoint in Senate markup is nutrition.

All twelve titles

Each title's ten-year mandatory baseline, what it covers, and a headline change. Both bills use the same twelve-title structure and both build on the 2025 reconciliation law; the provisions noted here draw on the House-passed bill and the Senate's June 23 draft, with the dollar figures being the shared baseline. Titles V, VI, and VIII run on discretionary appropriations and carry no mandatory baseline of their own.

The path to the President's desk

Both chambers now have a bill. The House passed H.R. 7567 in April; the Senate released its own discussion draft on June 23 rather than take up the House bill directly. That sets up a committee markup, a Senate floor vote needing 60 votes, and a conference to reconcile the two versions — all against a hard September 30 deadline.

Separately, lawmakers are pushing $15–17B in near-term economic aid for producers facing low prices and high input costs — a measure not included in either farm bill. The Aug 1 revised text pulled one fight into the bill — year-round E15 sales, with a replacement for small-refinery exemptions after 2027 — while still sidestepping hemp and state animal-confinement laws. SNAP remains the likeliest flashpoint in markup.

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Farm bill FAQ

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